This course is designed to teach students at the Ph.D. program level. It will introduce various important subjects of horticultural crop physiology with topical research papers. The topics to be covered consist of 1) carbon metabolisms – photosynthesis, photorespiration, respiration, and photosynthate translocation of horticultural crops; 2) water and nutrient transport – stomatal physiology, transpiration and water relations, nutrient uptake, assimilation, and root physiology of horticultural crops; 3) interactions with abiotic and biotic factors – abiotic stress physiology, biotic and symbiotic interactions; and 4) growth and development of plant – phytohormones, seed dormancy and seed germination physiology, flowering physiology of horticultural crops